Oct 15, 2024 46 min read Daily News Summaries

Mongolia News Summary for October 15, 2024

The following news articles are the opinions of their authors and publications. They are presented here as translations for informational purposes and do not necessarily represent the opinion of MongolBeat or its members.

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Politics

Focusing on Eliminating Legal Regulations That Create an Unfair Advantage for One Side

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: montsame.mn

The Democratic Party's parliamentary group has discussed three issues in today's meeting. Initially, the group listened to a report from the central bank management regarding the monetary policy for 2025. The members agreed that the monetary policy should be aligned with the budget. Additionally, they reviewed the results of the 2024 regular elections for provincial, city, local, and district councils. The party won in 159 out of 330 soums, 7 out of 21 provinces, and in one out of 9 districts, but faced defeat in the capital. Evaluation of this election process suggested that closing the polls at 8 PM and holding the vote on a Friday contributed to lower voter turnout in the capital. It was concluded that the MPP organized the election in a way that benefited themselves, and going forward, a working group will be established to focus on amending the election-related legislation to remove regulations that create an unfair advantage for one party. Furthermore, the group's internal rules for 2024-2028 were discussed.

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Economy

B. Choijilsuren: A decision to increase energy and heating prices will be made soon

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: montsame.mn

Today, Minister of Energy B. Choijilsuren worked at the 1111 center for government relations with citizens and the public. During this time, he provided journalists with information on energy prices and supply. In response to journalists' questions about whether electricity and heating prices will increase, he said, "The price of energy, heat, and even hot water for consumption will increase. A decision on this will be made in the near future. The Regulatory Commission for Energy (RCE) will conduct an independent study within the framework of its mandate under the Energy Law and present it to the government," he replied. When asked about the approximate percentage increase in electricity and energy, he said, "You can calculate it yourselves. Today, we are producing, transmitting, and distributing 1 kWh of energy at 285 MNT. With such costs, households are being charged 140 MNT. This doesn't even cover 50% of the costs. The cost of heating apartments is 506 MNT per square meter per month. We are producing it at 90 MNT and selling it at 35 MNT," he said. He further stated, "First of all, we need to account for the losses of heat and electricity and calculate the growth in consumption. We are researching this matter. In reality, we have not been able to produce precise calculations. There is no detailed study of consumer consumption. It has been found that over 30% of participating citizens estimate their usage based on assumptions, while 70% have not made this calculation. Therefore, it is impossible to fully conduct a study," he said.

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Övörkhangai: L.Byambasuren: Kharkhorin LLC to Export Sea Buckthorn Internationally

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: montsame.mn

Kharkhorin Sum is one of the first ten cooperative farms in Mongolia, which was established in 1956. This enterprise, which used to operate in the field of grain production, was privatized in 2007 and became Kharkhorin LLC. Since then, it has been implementing the "Sea Buckthorn" program locally. We went on-site to report on the company's planting work. When we arrived, they were busy sending 6,000 poplar cuttings to Bayankhongor aimag. The company owns a total of 4,200 hectares of land, of which 620 hectares are used for planting sea buckthorn. It is the leader in the country for planting sea buckthorn on a unified large area and aims to meet one percent of Mongolia's sea buckthorn demand. On average, they harvest about 200 tons of fruit annually, supplying major beverage companies in Mongolia. They also import trees, shrubs, and saplings from Minusinsk and Barnaul in Russia, and from Kharkhorin Sum, planting mountain currant, strawberries, honeysuckle, mountain ash, rosehip, chokeberry, poplar, and elm trees. Under the "One Billion Trees" program, they have increased the number of saplings and now have more than 600 saplings worth a billion tugriks, but are unable to sell them. Sales of saplings by national tree nurseries have decreased, and they do not understand where organizations are obtaining their planned saplings from. The chief agronomist of the company remarked that “The sea buckthorn planted in our country is ecologically clean and original, so it can be supplied to the markets of developed countries. Our company has received such offers. If we can supply sea buckthorn to the world, it could generate more income than mining.” The chief agronomist graduated from Mongolian University of Life Sciences in 1996 as an agronomist and has been working in this field for his entire career, including 16 years at this company. Starting next year, Kharkhorin LLC plans to export sea buckthorn internationally. Like other agricultural units, the company faces human resource issues. Initially having 268 employees, now only about 30 people remain. Each person is responsible for 1-3 hectares of land, indicating a serious shortage of workforce.

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Improve Regulation for Insurance Activities in Border Areas

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: montsame.mn

The Financial Regulatory Commission is working on amendments to the "Insurance Package Regulations." Among the amendments is an appendix titled "Requirements and Standards for Insurers and Professional Insurance Participants" and rules for "Compulsory Driver's Insurance for Vehicles Temporarily Entering or Transiting Mongolian Territory." These proposed amendments were discussed during a consultation organized for participants in the insurance sector. During this event, the changes were introduced, focusing on creating a legal environment for insurance organizations to use digital and advanced technologies as well as making insurance operations and premiums more transparent and open, based on international development trends and best practices. Additionally, amendments drafted in cooperation with the General Agency for Border Protection were presented, focusing on improving regulations for conducting insurance activities in border areas and increasing the accessibility of insurance for vehicle owners and holders transiting or temporarily entering Mongolian territory with their vehicles. Representatives from the General Agency for Border Protection, insurance companies, and the insurance union participated in the discussion.

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A fine of five million MNT will be imposed on those providing taxi services without a license from tomorrow

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: isee.mn

According to the law on reducing traffic congestion in Ulaanbaatar and converting ger districts to apartment blocks, taxi services are required to pay a stamp duty of 3-10 million MNT and obtain a permit. Consequently, the Law on Violations stipulates a fine of five million MNT for individuals and fifty million MNT for legal entities providing taxi services without a license. Thus, starting from October 15, providing taxi services will require a special license. This measure aims to regulate taxis operated by unlicensed individuals and address any related crimes or accidents. However, this regulation does not apply if the service is obtained through applications such as "UB Cab" or "Aba Mongolia." The State Great Khural (Parliament) added a clause in their resolution stating, "If the service is provided via an online platform, it does not fall under this regulation."

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Diplomacy

Turkmenistan Offers Landlocked Mongolia Access to the Sea

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: isee.mn

Turkmenistan, a landlocked country, has proposed to landlocked Mongolia the possibility of accessing the sea via the "Volga-Don" canal, which is built and controlled by Russia and connects the Caspian Sea to the Black Sea. During President U. Khurelsukh's visit to Turkmenistan, the two countries signed agreements on air relations, automobile transport, agriculture, and chamber of commerce cooperation, and also held the first Mongolia-Turkmenistan business forum. Utilizing the Caspian Sea to reach the sea was suggested to Mongolia by Turkmenistan. Turkmenistan, known for its carpets, aims to connect with Mongolia through wool trade, which aligns with Mongolia's "White Gold Program," as mentioned by Foreign Minister B. Battsetseg. This opens opportunities for cooperation in agriculture and textile spinning with Turkmenistan. Although both Mongolia and Turkmenistan are landlocked, during the visit, Turkmenistan suggested connecting Mongolia to the Caspian Sea to provide access to the sea. This was confirmed by President Khurelsukh's Foreign Policy Advisor, E. Odbayar, who noted that Turkmenistan's President suggested their ports could serve as a gateway for Mongolia to enter global markets through the Caspian Sea. The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed inland body of water, bordered by Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Azerbaijan, and Russia. Historically connected to the oceans, it's often termed a "sea." Two canals, "Kumo-Manych" and "Volga-Don," were built to connect the Caspian Sea to the Black Sea. The "Volga-Don" canal, linking Russia, the Caspian Sea, and the Black Sea, was completed in 1952, after WWII interruption. Initially started before the war, its construction resumed in 1948, employing around 900,000 workers, including prisoners, whose labor counted towards reducing their sentences. In 2007-2008, Russia initiated "Volga-Don 2" to enhance the waterway's capacity between the Caspian Basin and the Black Sea, primarily benefiting Kazakhstan. The canal proposal to Mongolia thus involves Russian-controlled waterways providing access to various seas. Interestingly, during President U. Khurelsukh’s visit, Russian President V. Putin also visited Turkmenistan. The occasion coincided with the "Time and Civilization" forum in Turkmenistan, attended by several countries including Russia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan, which are all parties to the Caspian Sea legal convention. This regional dynamic involves the Caucasuses, including Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, which are seen strategically by Russia, and NATO's interests, considering their location between the Black and Caspian Seas.

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President of the Australian Federal Parliament's Senate to Visit Our Country

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: ikon.mn

At the invitation of the Speaker of the State Great Khural of Mongolia, D. Amarbaysgalan, the President of the Senate of the Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, Susan Lyons, will pay an official visit to Mongolia from October 16 to 19, 2024. During the visit, Speaker D. Amarbaysgalan and Senate President S. Lyons will hold an extended meeting on expanding and developing cooperation between the highest legislative bodies of the two countries. During the visit, President S. Lyons will also meet with the President of Mongolia, U. Khurelsukh. This visit is noteworthy as it is the first at the level of President of the Australian Senate, and it is considered significant for strengthening political dialogue and mutual trust between Mongolia and Australia, according to the Media Relations Bureau of the State Great Khural. Notice: Media organizations (Television, Radio, Social and Web pages) should cite the source (ikon.mn) when using any part of our information in any form, either in full or in part.

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Mongolian President Khurelsukh and Turkmen President Berdymukhamedov Hold Official Talks

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: itoim.mn

The President of Mongolia, Ukhnaagiin Khurelsukh, is on a state visit to Turkmenistan at the invitation of the President of Turkmenistan, Serdar Berdymukhamedov. The heads of state of the two countries held official talks on October 11, 2024, at the "Oguzkhan" President's Palace in Turkmenistan. The official talks between the state leaders took place in a businesslike, friendly, and warm atmosphere. The two sides exchanged views on strengthening the friendly relations between Mongolia and Turkmenistan, enriching cooperation with new content, and expanding and developing cooperation in sectors such as agriculture, transportation, logistics, tourism, education, and culture, as well as on a wide range of issues of cooperation on international and regional platforms. At the beginning of the talks, President Ukhnaagiin Khurelsukh expressed heartfelt gratitude to President Serdar Berdymukhamedov and the state, government, and people of Turkmenistan for warmly welcoming the Mongolian delegation to their beautiful homeland, which is a crossroads of the "Silk Road" connecting Asia and Europe. He also noted that Mongolia is committed to strengthening friendly relations with Central Asian countries, including Turkmenistan, and to expanding and developing mutually beneficial trade and economic cooperation. President Berdymukhamedov highlighted his confidence that this state visit, the first by a Mongolian head of state since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries in 1992, will provide a strong impetus for deepening the friendly relations between Mongolia and Turkmenistan and strengthening the friendship and cooperation between the peoples of the two countries. The heads of state expressed their delight in jointly opening a new chapter in the history of their relations by reviewing the achievements of the past over 30 years and determining the future direction of cooperation and priority areas for the coming years. During the visit, the Presidents noted the signing of agreements and treaties between the governments and organizations, which will provide an important impetus for strengthening the legal framework of relations between Mongolia and Turkmenistan. The parties agreed that cooperation in the transportation and logistics sector is crucial to expanding and developing economic cooperation between the two countries. It was emphasized that agreements have been signed between the governments of Mongolia and Turkmenistan on air relations and international road transportation during the visit. In the context of expanding and developing cooperation in the agricultural sector and increasing bilateral trade, documents were signed about cooperation in agriculture, veterinary services, and livestock husbandry. It was agreed to mutually supply agricultural and light industrial goods and products to the Mongolian and Turkmen markets. President Khurelsukh proposed studying and implementing joint projects and programs that could become a symbol of Mongolia-Turkmenistan relations, based on the resources and potential of the agricultural and light industrial sectors of the two countries. President Berdymukhamedov appreciated the organization of the "Mongolia-Turkmenistan Business Meeting" within the framework of the visit, which he noted is laying a solid foundation for future cooperation between the business communities and wealth creators of the two countries and is crucial for expanding and developing trade and investment cooperation. President Khurelsukh highlighted that cultural and artistic relations have contributed significantly to strengthening the friendship and camaraderie between the peoples of the two countries. He expressed his pleasure at the successful organization of the "Mongolia-Turkmenistan Joint Cultural Performance" in Ashgabat, which is a clear manifestation of this beautiful tradition. The two sides highly valued their active cooperation within the framework of international and regional organizations and expressed Turkmenistan's intent to consider joining Mongolia's initiative on the "Multilateral Treaty on the Establishment of an International Research Centre for Landlocked Developing Countries" in the near future. The heads of state agreed to closely collaborate on tackling climate change, combating desertification, and protecting the environment, including linking Mongolia's "Billion Trees" national initiative with Turkmenistan's "Turkmenistan Forestry" national program. At the conclusion of the official talks, President Khurelsukh and President Berdymukhamedov issued a "Joint Declaration on the Relations and Cooperation between Mongolia and Turkmenistan."

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Agreements Signed with Turkmenistan

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: gogo.mn

President U. Khurelsukh's visit to Turkmenistan concluded this month. During the visit, the parties signed the following documents: - "Agreement between the Government of Mongolia and the Government of Turkmenistan on International Road Transport Relations"; - "Agreement on Air Relations between the Government of Mongolia and the Government of Turkmenistan"; - "Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in the Field of Culture between the Ministry of Culture, Sports, Tourism and Youth of Mongolia and the Ministry of Culture of Turkmenistan"; - "Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in the Field of Tourism between the Ministry of Culture, Sports, Tourism and Youth of Mongolia and the Ministry of Culture of Turkmenistan"; - "Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Agriculture between the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry of Mongolia and the Ministry of Agriculture of Turkmenistan"; - "Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry between the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry of Mongolia and the Ministry of Agriculture of Turkmenistan"; - "Memorandum of Understanding between the Mongolian National Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Turkmenistan". President U. Khurelsukh extended his heartfelt gratitude to President S. Berdimuhamedov of Turkmenistan and the people of Turkmenistan for their warm and friendly reception of the Mongolian delegation, and invited the President of Turkmenistan to make a state visit to Mongolia at a convenient time.

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Chinese and Russian Prime Ministers to Participate in SCO Meeting

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: news.mn

The 23rd expanded meeting of the Council of Heads of Government of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) member states is scheduled to take place in Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan, on October 15-16, 2024. According to Pakistan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the meeting will be chaired by the country's Prime Minister, Shahbaz Sharif. Participating representatives include Chinese Prime Minister Li Qiang, Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin, Belarusian Prime Minister Roman Golovchenko, Kazakh Prime Minister Olzhas Bektenov, Kyrgyz Prime Minister Akylbek Japarov, Uzbek Prime Minister Abdulla Nigmatovich Aripov, and First Vice President of Iran Mohammad Mokhber. India's Foreign Minister S. Jaishankar will also attend, alongside Turkmenistan's Foreign Minister and deputy heads of government as special guests. The Prime Minister of Mongolia, Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene, will participate as an observer. During the summit, Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif is expected to hold bilateral talks with the representatives of the participating countries. The Council of Heads of Government will discuss economic, trade, environmental, and communication issues, evaluate the outcomes achieved so far, and approve the budget for SCO countries’ cooperation for the coming year. Information and Broadcasting Minister Attaullah Tarar noted that this SCO meeting is significant for enhancing Pakistan's reputation globally and for developing regional cooperation. He stated in a video message that organizing the SCO summit is a matter of honor and that all preparations have been completed. Pakistan hopes to expand its cooperation with member states and form new partnerships within this framework.

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Exchange of Views on Establishing a Cooperation Platform

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: montsame.mn

A ministerial conference on disaster issues in the Asia-Pacific region is being held today in Manila, the Republic of the Philippines, under the theme "Increasing Disaster Risk Reduction Initiatives in the Asia-Pacific Region by 2030." During this biennial conference, Deputy Prime Minister of Mongolia S. Amarsaihan held an official meeting with Kamal Kishore, Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations for Disaster Risk Reduction. During the meeting, Deputy Prime Minister S. Amarsaihan informed about the activities being organized by the government for the implementation of the "Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction" document and exchanged views on cooperation with regional countries and international organizations in this sector. Additionally, Kamal Kishore was invited to participate in the sub-regional conference on disaster risk reduction to be held in Mongolia in 2025. Kamal Kishore noted that the United Nations supports the policies and activities of the Mongolian government in overcoming climate change, natural disasters, and drought challenges, as well as reducing potential damages. The meeting also saw progress on establishing a regional rapid disaster management center in collaboration with the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. The parties exchanged views on establishing a cooperation platform aimed at the Northeast Asia region.

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Infrastructure

Implementing Projects with Vision and Strategy is Advisable

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: news.mn

Member of the Budget Stability Council, Dr. (PhD), Associate Professor A. Enkhbat discussed the project of next year's budget. How is the economic situation of Mongolia shaping up for the first nine months? The statistical data and facts on the economic situation for the first nine months of the year are not yet fully complete. They may be released mid-week and will be communicated to the public through media outlets. However, looking at the macroeconomic indicators generally, the real GDP growth rate stands at 5.6% for the first half of the year, the balance of payments has improved, and the government's fiscal balance is also favorable. One contributing factor is the inflow of foreign currency, especially the increase in coal exports. The inflation rate is relatively stable and in the lower single digits. The foreign currency reserves have increased, the burden of external debt has decreased, and the exchange rate of the tugrik against foreign currencies is stable. The monetary policy of the central bank is relatively flexible and stable. Recently, international companies that determine the credit rating levels of countries upgraded our country's credit rating. For example, Fitch upgraded from "B" to "B+" and Moody's also changed to a "B+" stable level. Following this, the credit ratings of some commercial banks have also improved. Yet, Mongolia's economy remains vulnerable to external shocks, particularly due to heavy reliance on the mining sector, especially the demand and supply in the coal market, oil products, and energy shortages. COAL PRICES ARE TRENDING DOWN ON THE GLOBAL MARKET Although the physical volume of coal exports increased, the price showed a downward trend. Has the volatility of coal prices returned to a normal level? In Mongolia's total foreign trade and economic structure, the mining sector's share has dominated over the past 20-plus years. On one hand, if the wealth generated from this mining sector had been properly integrated and managed within the economy, it could have created conditions for sustainable economic growth in the medium and long term. Unfortunately, we all know without needing an answer what the history of recent years has been. The total physical volume of coal exports was 19.4 million tons in 2014, and excluding the years of 2015, the COVID period 2020, and 2021, it has been continuously increasing, with exports reaching 31.6 million tons in 2022, 66.7 million tons in 2023, and plans to export 78 million tons in 2024. According to customs statistics for the first nine months of this year, 61.2 million tons of coal were exported, of which 59.1 million tons were hard coal, and 2.0 million tons were lignite. From this, it can be seen that while the physical volume of coal exports exceeds that of the previous year, it may not quite reach the target level. In terms of price level, the average selling price of one ton of coal was $131 in 2023, but as of this year, it has decreased to $112. It is reported by international banking and financial institutions that global coal prices are expected to decline. Evidently, the rise and fall of coal prices are heavily dependent on the economic outlook of China and whether the real estate sector there will recover or decline, and whether demand for steel production, the main consumer of coal, will increase. In recent years, one of China’s main economic policy goals has been to support renewable energy and a green economy, by reducing, stopping, or eliminating coal-fired plants, which poses future risks to Mongolia by decreasing the demand for coal and subsequently prices. From the statistical data from the customs office for the nine months, what issues stand out? What is the balance of payments situation? Looking at the customs statistics for the first nine months of this year, the total value of exports reached US$11,748.6 million, which is $452.5 million or 4% higher than the same period last year, while imports amounted to $8,608.3 million, $1,852.8 million or 27.4% higher compared to the same period last year. In other words, the same amount of goods was exported as in the previous year, but a value of goods imported was almost equal to a third more than the previous year’s amount. However, this foreign trade balance shows a surplus of $3,140.4 million for the first nine months. Of the total exports in the first nine months, 91.5% went to China, 4.4% to Switzerland, 1.4% to the USA, 0.7% to Russia, and 0.3% to Italy. Generally, this picture has been consistently visible for over 10 years when classified by receiving country. By source country, 39.8% of imports came from China, 24.6% from Russia, and 10.3% from Japan, with the rest from the USA, Germany, South Korea, and others. 73.7% of the total exports were transported by road, 16.3% by rail, and 6.7% by air. As we can see from this, the geographical location and major trading partners of neighboring countries have led to more developed logistics, transportation. It also shows the need to increase exports of non-mining sectors and develop air cargo services. If we develop international air transport logistics services connecting Southeast Asia and Europe, and develop a large airport with economic and technical special zones including tourism, it can be significantly beneficial to economic growth, sector diversification, reduce unemployment, and increase foreign currency revenue. 87% of total exports were mineral products, while 20% of total imports were machinery, equipment, and accessories, and 21% were aviation equipment. In terms of total exports, 56.5% were hard coal, 19.2% were copper and ores, and 5.7% were unprocessed or semi-processed gold. ELECTION YEAR ADVERSELY AFFECTS FISCAL DISCIPLINE This year, the parliamentary and local government elections have ended. The election year’s budget is always expanding, referred to as the election budget. Researchers warned about the risk of increasing consumer goods prices and inflation after the elections. What can you comment on this? During various election cycles of state and local self-governing bodies, budget expenditures always increase. Observing the budget expenditures of all recent election years, this has become a particularly harmful phenomenon in Mongolia. In other words, public finance and budget funds are commonly used during the election process by any means to benefit the ruling party, political power, and constituencies. For instance, the ruling political power as a whole uses the approved public budget and finances for the elections, using their ministry and agency budget and funds, and personnel from affiliated organizations in the election process. They see this as legitimate. Budget expenditure is expanding to ensure election promises and fulfill them, such as increasing salaries and pensions, reducing or canceling debts, providing tax exemptions, subsidizing the social insurance contributions for certain sections, segments, or groups of people, and distributing money in the form of loans for various programs. During such times, fiscal discipline is severely compromised, and accountability diminishes significantly. In this regard, the Anti-Corruption Agency, the Civil Service Council, and the National Audit Office either pretend to be oblivious or are incapable of taking any action. The result is increased inflation, inefficient government spending, and widespread covert and overt budget theft and corruption. THE BUDGET EXPENDITURES INCREASE BY 20-35% ANNUALLY The autumn session of the State Great Khural is discussing Mongolia's budget for 2025. An expenditure of 35.7 billion tugriks is planned for next year. How much has budget expenditure grown in recent years? In the projected unified budget of Mongolia for 2025, total expenditure and net loans are planned to increase by 5,307.3 billion tugriks from the 2024 budget to 35,795.2 billion tugriks. This includes current expenditures of 26,036.4 billion, capital expenditures of 9,803.8 billion, and net repayable loans of 45.0 billion tugriks. Compared to previous years, total budget expenditure is increasing each year. In 2017, total expenditure was 9.0 trillion tugriks, and it has been increased by 2 trillion to 8 trillion tugriks annually. For instance, total budget expenditure was 22 trillion tugriks in 2023, increased to 30 trillion tugriks in 2024, and is planned to increase to 35 trillion in the budget for 2025, which is projected to be 5 trillion tugriks more than the current year. In other words, it increases by 20 to 35 percent annually. THIRTY YEARS OF OVER-RELIANCE ON UNDERGROUND RESOURCES Is the increasing government budget having a positive impact on the socio-economic conditions, or is the expanding government budget only fattening the wallets of politicians? With a small population, vast territory, but a small open market, extremely vulnerable to climate change, instead of creating value it's more reliant on selling underground minerals, highly dependent on external market conditions, surrounded by two great powers; such a country almost does not exist in the world. In other words, a country that sells its underground mineral wealth, where reserves are being exhausted, with agriculture too vulnerable to climate change, highly dependent on external markets, particularly limited to its two neighboring countries, with weak public sector financial management systems, bearing irresponsible macroeconomic policies, especially fiscal policy since the 1990s - this describes a small poor Asian country. Distributing income gained from selling underground mineral wealth into non-productive sectors like social welfare, salaries and pensions, burdened by debt, unemployment, especially low youth employment, high external migration, with more than half of the population living close to the poverty line, constantly receiving aid and loans from international banks and financial institutions, the state and its public officials showing little accountability, the judiciary weak and rampant corruption, these mark the last 30 years that have passed. It took over 30 years since 1990 to raise GDP per capita to just $6,000. This is the general picture. Because of excessive reliance on underground resources, an overly reliance on the income generated from it, which is used as collateral for significant external borrowing, without saving or investing the inflow of foreign currency in new industrial projects, increasing spending as revenue increases, and public officials primarily targeting personal gain, these nations in the world were characteristic of those in the Middle East, Central Asia, and Africa from 1960 to 1990. None of these countries have ever prospered. Mongolia projects to export 83 million tonnes of coal in 2024, and similar quantities next year. However, border gateways remain unclear, or railway links have not been connected with China. Is there a potential for such high demand for coal on the Chinese side? According to a recent report by the Institute of Strategic Studies, the share of coal in China's energy consumption decreased from 66% in 2012 to 53% in 2023. In other words, China is reducing its coal consumption for energy. According to a study by the International Energy Agency, China's coal consumption will peak in 2025 and start to decrease thereafter, projected to be 50% less by 2050 due to energy efficiency, rapid development of renewable and nuclear energy, and the widespread use of electric vehicles which also reduces oil demand. In 2022, China's coal consumption was 4.2 billion tons, with 2.35 billion tons used in power plants and 1.93 billion tons used in industry and agriculture. By sector, the energy sector used 2.35 billion tons (54.9%); the chemical industry used 330 million tons (7.7%); steel industry used 770 million tons (18%); construction materials industry used 500 million tons (11.7%); civil coal and others used 320 million tons (7.5%). The construction sector, a major coal consumer in China, presents a bleak picture, as in January 2024, the Hong Kong High Court ordered the liquidation of China's largest real estate company Evergrande Group. If the real estate bubble bursts and affects other construction companies, it might indirectly impact coal demand this year. It was reported that the increase in coal exports to China in 2022 and 2023 was linked to China eliminating import duties on coal in 2023. Analysts explained that the sudden surge in coal imports by China in 2023 was due to imports from Indonesia, Russia, Mongolia, and Australia, with "smooth customs clearance of Mongolian coal" contributing significantly from the start of 2023, while Russia massively exported its coal to the Asia-Pacific region. Additionally, the Russia-Ukraine conflict in 2022 contributed to increasing global coal prices, stimulating mine output, and notable coal stockpiling in Europe. Due to a milder-than-expected winter globally in 2022, stockpiled coal remained unused in Europe and the Asia-Pacific, leading to a shift in coal movement towards this region in 2023. China reinstated coal import tariffs on January 1, 2024. However, contracts still allow for zero import duties on coal from Australia and Indonesia. Imports from Mongolia, Russia, the US, and South Africa are subject to tariffs, as per studies. Today, Russia has turned its coal exports significantly towards China due to market sanctions in Europe, and changes in global energy and oil prices resulting from the Middle East and the Russia-Ukraine war are inevitable, further highlighting these risks. THE EXTERNAL DEBT RATIO TO GDP IS AT A MODEST LEVEL If the budget revenues fall short of projections, the deficit ratio may increase, and the level of external borrowing may rise. What is happening with the external debt risk? If the budget revenues in the 2025 State Unified Budget project presented by the government to the State Great Khural fall short due to external market and logistical factors, for example, if the price of coal per ton drops to $85, the budget revenues will fall short, resulting in a budget deficit. In such a situation, it will be necessary to find sources to cover the deficit. If the government borrows from the central bank or commercial banks to cover the deficit, it will have similar negative economic consequences as printing new money, creating inflationary pressures. If the government covers the deficit with short-term, high-interest commercial loans, such as Chinggis Bonds, Samurai, Kublai, and others, it will incur external debt and payment pressures. A repeat of the events of the past 2-3 years will occur. Currently, the external debt to GDP ratio is at a modest level. In other words, GDP accounts for less than 60%, or about 44%. As a final measure, the government should consider selling non-wealth-generating assets, other than those related to health, education, social welfare, armed forces, emergency services, and law enforcement, and transferring tasks to non-governmental organizations. There are possibilities for raising funds from this. IMPLEMENTING LONG-TERM VISIONARY, STRATEGIC PROJECTS IS ADVISABLE The government is aiming to implement 14 mega projects and describes next year's budget as a development budget. Previously, it was common to spend the budget on monuments, cultural centers, etc., that did not yield economic returns. However, next year's budget is described as a development budget with the aim of implementing 14 mega projects. Does this inspire confidence? Internationally, projects termed "mega" are considered to have an infrastructure nature with costs above $1 billion, encompassing significant endeavors such as highways, railways, energy, processing industries, and others. In this sense, I see the government's objectives as appropriate. However, some projects, including one-stop government agencies, the Nalaikh-Terelj road, local roads, and housing blocks, do not create high added value and seem unconvincing. It’s expected that this will be corrected in the future. It is advisable to implement major long-term vision and strategy-containing projects, such as those with comprehensive feasibility studies and proven benefits, like the steel plant, copper plant, and oil refinery currently being proposed. Why is the budget revised each year? It seems to reflect good performance but poor planning of the budget. What can you say about improving budget planning? Will there be an amendment to next year's budget? If the State Great Khural approves the budget by following the law and doing it transparently from grassroots budgetary organizations to the Ministry of Finance and the government, by realistically and accurately calculating, planning, coordinating the development policy, goals, and objectives of the organization, then budget planning and execution will not differ greatly. However, this year, after submitting the 2025 budget project, the Ministry of Finance and the government are now drafting and introducing the 2025 development plan, making it appear as if the development policy is being adjusted according to the budget funds. In principle, the Constitution, the long-term Vision Development Policy 2050, and the Government Action Plan 2024-2028 should chart development and budget policies, and the annual budget project should be discussed thereafter. It shouldn't be the case that the currently discussed budget will be amended next year. However, the State Great Khural has the right to reject and have it resubmitted if not discussed. In some countries, if the government needs to inevitably amend or adjust the budget (force majeure and other reasons), it is required to inform the parliament and its relevant standing committees for approval before making amendments and later acquainting the parliament with them. These provisions and other regulations are typically included in the chapter on "Public Finance and Budget" in constitutions of many countries.

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34 Proposals Being Developed to Reduce Road Traffic Congestion

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: ikon.mn

The emergency meeting of the city's executive staff took place today. In the previous meeting, the Mayor gave 29 tasks, with a fulfillment rate of 76.6%. At the beginning of the meeting, the director of the "Traffic Management Center" state-owned organization, Ch.Khuvtsaya, presented the measures being taken and planned to address the traffic congestion issues in Ulaanbaatar, following the directives from the last meeting. He mentioned that proposals for 34 measures have been compiled from relevant organizations and departments, which include 17 policy and legal measures for long, medium, and short-term implementation, 12 technical and research measures, and 5 other types of measures, to reduce road congestion and traffic load. Furthermore, it was mentioned that a decree project to establish and approve a working group tasked with drafting an action plan for long, medium, and short-term measures to reduce traffic congestion in Ulaanbaatar is being developed. Source: Public Relations Department of the Governor's Office of the Capital City of Ulaanbaatar Notice: Media organizations (Television, Radio, Social Media, and Websites) should mention the source (ikon.mn) when using our information, in whole or in part, in any form.

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Riilika Rannil: Implementing Nuclear Energy Requires Establishment of Three Organizations for Control and Execution

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: montsame.mn

The Mongolian National News Agency (MONTSAME) reports that a national seminar and discussion titled “Nuclear Energy Infrastructure: National Position and Planning” was organized by the Nuclear Energy Commission at the library of the National University of Mongolia. The head of the commission's executive office, Ch. Chadraabal, stated, “In relation to the use of nuclear energy, we are implementing policies and conducting foundational research as included in the government's program, and a working group has been set up to pursue these tasks. Accordingly, our country is collaborating with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) regarding the use and application of nuclear energy, including methodologies for its use. In essence, the IAEA is supporting our country in gaining international experience. This includes training human resources, establishing a legal framework, conducting preliminary feasibility studies, and ensuring safety operations. International experts are working in our country regarding these matters.” In connection with the global energy transition, 27 countries have expressed interest in either constructing new nuclear power plants or utilizing nuclear energy sources. Among these, 11 countries have decided to use nuclear energy, and 16 countries, including Mongolia, are conducting research in this field, as pointed out by the official. Riilika Rannil, an expert in nuclear energy from Estonia—a country that has decided to utilize nuclear energy—presented about their experience. She stated that globally, countries are moving towards using nuclear energy to ensure energy security and stability, as well as to combat climate change. Notably, programs for small modular reactors are spreading, and "our country has decided on this matter and is working to increase the use of green energy," she said. Regarding the implementation of a nuclear energy program, she highlighted the necessity of establishing three main organizations: the project development and implementation unit NEPIO, which operates and manages the nuclear power plants, the implementing agency that the government establishes with defined roles and responsibilities, and an independent regulatory body that operates autonomously to ensure safety operations.

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Society

Cybercrime Causes 87.5 Billion Tugriks in Damages

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: news.mn

According to the "International Cybersecurity Index – 2024" report, Mongolia ranks 103rd out of 194 countries, advancing 17 places compared to 2020. However, there has been an increase in organized crime such as stealing citizens' information and illegal use of data in cyberspace. Regardless of whether it is state administration, public organizations, private enterprises, or individuals, they have fallen victim to these attacks, with this type of crime reaching 25,849 incidents over the past five years. In 2023, cybercrimes resulted in damages worth 87.5 billion tugriks, most of which targeted ordinary citizens. This is because fraudsters impersonate certain companies and government agencies, using fake data, links, and games to scam individuals and legal entities. They send information to citizens' emails, messengers, and phone numbers, and lure them through advertisements as well. Such methods of committing cybercrimes are evolving and creating risks, as international organizations warn. Therefore, there is a need to realistically assess the current state of Mongolia's cybersecurity. At the initiative of the Minister of Digital Development, Innovation, and Communications, a "Current Level of Cybersecurity Assessment of Mongolia" study has been launched in collaboration with the University of Oxford starting October 2, 2024. The study includes representatives from over 100 public, private, and international organizations. Preliminary results will be announced to the public by the end of 2024. Scientists from the University of Oxford are conducting this study worldwide, with Mongolia being the 95th country involved. The study uses a model developed by more than 200 experts from the UK Government, research organizations, and numerous sources. The results are classified into five levels and help identify issues facing cybersecurity. This provides momentum for finding solutions in policy planning to ensure the safety of citizens in cyberspace.

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Journalist

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: medee.mn

At the invitation of Dashzegv's Amarbayasgalan, Speaker of the State Great Khural of Mongolia, Susan Lanz, President of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Australia, will make an official visit to Mongolia from October 16th to 19th, 2024. As part of the visit, Speaker of the State Great Khural D. Amarbayasgalan and President of the Senate S. Lanz will hold an extended meeting to discuss the expansion and development of cooperation between the highest legislative bodies of the two countries. During the visit, President of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Australia, S. Lanz, will also pay a courtesy call on President of Mongolia U. Khurelsukh. This visit is notable as the first at the level of President of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Australia, and it holds significance in strengthening political dialogue and mutual trust between Mongolia and Australia.

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Journalist

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: medee.mn

According to the law on reducing traffic congestion in Ulaanbaatar city and providing housing for ger districts, it is legislated that those who wish to operate taxi services must pay a stamp duty of 3-10 million tugrik and obtain a permit. If someone operates a taxi service without this permit, the Law on Violations includes provisions for fining individuals 5 million tugrik and legal entities 50 million tugrik. Starting from October 15, it is required to obtain a special permit to legally offer taxi services. This measure aims to prevent ordinary people from operating unlicensed taxi services and to manage crimes and accidents related to them.

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New Tourist Information Center Opens

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: montsame.mn

Ulaanbaatar. The capital's Tourism Department has newly opened a Tourist Information Center at the city's central point, D. Sukhbaatar Square. In collaboration with "Ord Ger" LLC, the exterior design of the center features a modern, spherical shape. It's a portable structure with minimal heat loss and energy efficiency, integrating national elements and constructed with a prefabricated wooden frame for use throughout all four seasons. The Tourist Information Center initially launched its first branch operations in 2013, and today it has seven branches, including three permanent ones, three seasonal ones, and one in Germany. As the number of tourists increases annually, delivering quality services quickly and efficiently is an ongoing goal, as stated by the Capital's Tourism Department. Through these information centers, tourists can access information about travel routes around the city, places to visit in the city, one-day city tours, public transport routes (including routes from the airport to the city), local public transport routes, currency exchange locations, entertainment and service establishments, locations of major shopping centers with their operating hours, as well as airport and flight-related information. Furthermore, tourists can find guidance on how to claim tax refunds for purchasing duty-free goods, a list of such goods, locations and pricing information of hotels, guesthouses, hostels, contact numbers, locations of tourist camps, and recreational areas, along with their operating hours, pricing information, details of travel and tourism agencies, their operating hours, contact numbers, places to obtain mobile and data SIM cards and their operating hours, taxi services, health institutions, emergency contact locations, and applications available for tourists. In addition, information is provided for local citizens, including details about one-stop government service centers, instructions on using E-mongolia, a list of information hotline numbers, and procedures for renewing activity permits. In 2022, Tourist Information Centers operated at six locations in Ulaanbaatar and provided information and advice to over 15,000 people. In 2023, they operated in seven locations and assisted approximately 17,000 individuals. As of the third quarter of 2024, they have served over 16,180 tourists, totaling more than 48,000 overall.

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Environment

Fire Cause from Vehicle Sparks in Dornod's Bayandun and Spreading to Russian Border

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: isee.mn

Large scale forest fires have broken out in Dornod aimag's Bayandun, Matad, and Khalkhgol soums, affecting extensive areas. The fire has approached the vicinity of households, prompting businesses, households, and citizens to protect themselves from the dangerous situation by creating firebreaks. Additionally, teachers and students in dormitories have made impact weapons using rubber and tires, and all available means are being utilized by citizens to extinguish the fire in cooperation with the Fire Fighting Department of the Emergency Department. However, with the wind blowing at 12-14 meters per second, controlling the fire front is proving to be difficult. Their main hope now rests on the snowfall expected in the region today. According to weather forecasts, snow might fall in the region today. Due to strong winds, the wildfire is rapidly spreading to the northern part of the soum and has approached the Bayanhoshuu border crossing between Mongolia and China. Sources report that the fire is not limited to Dornod aimag's Bayandun, Matad, Khalkhgol, and Bayantumen but has also occurred in Batnorov and Binder of Khentii aimag, as well as Ulziit and Erdenetsagaan soums of Sukhbaatar aimag. In response to the calls, the Emergency Department and professional teams have completed tasks and fully extinguished five fires. The fire burning in Dornod's Bayandun soum started near the Lung springs from sparks coming from the exhaust of a small passenger vehicle, and last night it crossed into Russian territory. Yesterday, with the wind change, the western side of the fire reached the source of Turgen river, and the eastern side approached the source of Khorin river. Meanwhile, the fire in Dornod aimag's Khalkhgol soum has reached near the Sangiin Dalai lake. Local residents declared themselves powerless in the face of the fire spreading 40 kilometers wide.

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Eco-friendly Living - Green Housing

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: news.mn

This residential apartment complex, made with a reinforced concrete frame and block infill, is designed with apartment sizes ranging from 35 to 57 square meters offering 2 to 3 rooms each. The kitchen is positioned separately, allowing natural light and room-to-room lighting to permeate. Households that purchase these apartments may modify the interior layout as it is built with adjustable designs. The construction materials reduce greenhouse gases, are highly sealed, minimize heat loss, and incorporate solar panels using renewable energy. Fire-resistant, waterproof insulation materials made from recycled glass are used, facilitating the efficient use of natural energy for heating needs. Energy-saving devices are installed, and provisions to maximize natural light are established. To reduce heat loss, triple-glazed windows with Low-e coatings that protect against UV and infrared rays are fitted. Flooring materials like solid wood parquet and ceramic tiles enhance heat conservation. The exterior area of the apartments features green spaces with pedestrian and bike paths, playing areas for children, and leisure spaces for residents. Special design considerations accommodate people with disabilities. Residents can dispose of solid waste within a dedicated facility in the building, while wet waste can be disposed of outside. Water-saving automated devices are installed. Rainwater is harvested for use in the green areas and greenhouses. Within a 500-meter radius are schools, kindergartens, hospitals, police, and business incubation centers. Studies showed that there was no kindergarten within this radius, so land was allocated from vacated areas to build a kindergarten, which has been transferred to the City Education Department. The kindergarten's construction is complete and will be operational in the fourth quarter of this year. The layout was designed with resident input to ensure a safe environment. With the commissioning of these residential units, citizens are expected to save on monthly expenses for energy, heat, and water. Studies indicate a projected 20% savings on energy, heat, and water consumption. Internationally referred to as "Affordable Housing," this plan counters the misconception that affordable housing for social sectors has to be low-cost, illustrating well the concept of eco-friendly housing. This is the "Green Housing for Urban Development" project aimed at transforming Ulaanbaatar from a mono-centric to a polycentric city, funded by the Asian Development Bank, with plans to develop six sub-centers. Currently, infrastructure for the Bayankhoshuu and Selbe sub-centers is complete, and construction for housing development is underway. Dambadarjaa, Tolgoit, Sharkhad, and Denjiin 1000 sub-centers are continuing development. The Green Housing project plans to complete 5,000 housing units by 2027 using developed sites. The ADB-funded "Ulaanbaatar Green Housing Project," managed by the Ulaanbaatar City's Development Agency, will oversee the construction of 800 eco-friendly residential units in the Bayankhoshuu and Sharkhad centers by 2023–2025. The first phase of 220 units will be ready by the fourth quarter of 2024. Currently, housing is being built in Bayankhoshuu and Sharkhad sub-centers. The initial phases, with 110 housing units each, comprising four to five floors, will be completed by the end of this year. In Bayankhoshuu, five hectares have been cleared, and infrastructure work is complete as part of the Green Housing project. Residents from the vacated land have been relocated to housing in the "Buyan-Uhaa 2" complex. On the cleared land, 13 blocks with 462 units are under construction, 37% of the work is complete. The first four blocks, four stories high with basements, will be operational by December 2024. Additional work is ongoing for three more blocks, and contractors for another five blocks have been selected. Once construction is complete, residents who swapped land for housing will be accommodated. In the subsequent 20-hectare site, another 4,188 housing units will be built as residents vacate and transition to Green Housing. In Sharkhad, under the Umbrella Tent City Development and Investment Support Project, 5.6 hectares have been cleared with families trading land for housing. On 3.8 hectares, nine blocks housing 338 units and a service center are under construction. Of these, 110 residential units are scheduled for completion by December this year. The Sharkhad sub-center project manager from the "Nutgiin buyan" company, D. Dorjkhorol, stated, "Our company is constructing four blocks with 110 residential units within the Sharkhad Green Housing project. 65% of the construction work is done. We'll deliver the building by December 2024. This building features solar power technology which provides up to 20% of its energy needs, reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, the facade material consists of recycled glass insulation, an ecological solution reusing waste materials. Latest technology windows installed in the service center help prevent heat loss, reducing heating costs, creating a more resident-friendly environment. Operating costs accrue for households living in these apartments, and over time, the costs can be substantial. This eco-efficient design decreases operational costs for energy, heat, and water, yielding considerable savings against monthly income -- thus qualifying as "affordable housing." P. Surenjav, the chief engineer of the "Income-Based Green Housing" project in Ulaanbaatar City, provided insights into the project's timeline and objectives. When asked about the project's initiation, he explained, "Our project started in 2020, with plans and feasibility studies developed. Public discussions were held in 2023, and construction work commenced in August this year. Funded by the Climate Green Fund and ADB, we are complying with their requirements." When inquired about building regulations, he noted, "We adhere to international norms while meeting Mongolian standards. We've developed green building techniques and rules, submitting our proposal to the Ministry of Construction and Urban Development. The EDGE certification training for green buildings is in its fourth year. We held training in 2021 for 51 participants, resulting in three experts. To date, we've trained 143 people and will continue training. The project's construction creates 3,500 jobs monthly." Regarding energy savings, Surenjav stated, "Annually, housing in Ulaanbaatar uses 235 kWh/year per square meter. We aim to reduce it to 150 kWh/year. All calculations are within this scope. Detached houses in ger districts use 368 kWh/year. We propose a 50% reduction." Building 5,000 green housing units would save 12 million kWh of energy annually. Over 5.4 million liters of water and 30 million kWh of heat will be conserved annually. This is the first national project applying eco-technology in mass housing. Bayankhoshuu and Sharkhad are model green housing sub-centers. Quality requirements are high. When asked about air pollution reduction, he emphasized, "Constructing 5,000 green housing units will annually reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 142,746 tons. 8,000 chimneys and 5,000 pit latrines in ger districts will be abolished." Regarding the impact on quality of life, he concluded, "The quality of life will improve with 120,000 square meters of green space, 16.4 km of cycling paths, 39.2 km of sidewalks, and 3,800 parking spaces. The goal is to house residents and improve living conditions."

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A Joint Working Group Established to Study the Environmental Impact of the Egiin Gol Hydropower Plant

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: unuudur.mn

A meeting of the working group for implementing the agreement between the governments of Mongolia and Russia on the use and protection of transboundary waters was held in Moscow at the end of last week. The meeting was attended by Mongolia's Minister of Environment and Climate Change S. Odontuya, Head of the Water Authority Z. Batbayar, Director of the Astronomy and Geophysics Institute of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, academician S. Demberel, and others. Researchers and specialists from both countries focused on the management, use, and protection of Lake Baikal, which accounts for about 20% of the world's total freshwater, and its main tributary, the Selenge River. Consequently, a joint working group was established to conduct a detailed study and evaluation of how the construction of a hydropower plant on the Egiin River, which feeds these lakes and rivers, would impact the ecosystem and water resources. Specifically, researchers from scientific organizations of both countries have agreed to compile and review results from previous studies and assessments regarding the long-discussed Egiin Gol Hydropower Plant project's environmental impact. They also agreed to conduct new studies if necessary. The procedure and plan for this work will be discussed and agreed upon by the parties in the near future.

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A Day Trip Under the Desert Sky: Mining and Tourism in South Gobi

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: unuudur.mn

The largest province in Mongolia, South Gobi, plays a major role in the development of the country through large-scale mega projects and holds a significant place in the country's GDP growth. Mines such as Tavan Tolgoi, Oyu Tolgoi, and Nariin Sukhait make substantial contributions to the provincial and national economy. These deposits are located in South Gobi's administrative regions. The region is also rich in archaeological, paleontological, and unique natural sites that captivate tourists and expand their knowledge. During a short trip through a portion of South Gobi, we familiarized ourselves with the state of tourism and mining for a brief period. The road to the Gobi needs improvement. Early on the morning of the 5th of this month, a few of us set out for the Gobi from Ulaanbaatar, departing at 5:00 a.m. Travelers with jeeps and sedans usually head towards "Chinggis Khaan" airport by taking the straight highway and merging onto the road leading southwest of Töv to Dundgovi. Although this route is longer, drivers and passengers find it comfortable and safe, influencing their choice to travel this way. At dawn, the road to the airport was still quiet, likely due to the absence of international flights arriving or departing. However, a passenger car accident was seen at the end of the airport road near the parking area. A silver "Toyota" vehicle had gone over a curb and stopped. It seemed someone was injured, as an emergency vehicle was seen arriving from the east. Surprisingly, the Civil Aviation Authority and Töv police reports did not mention this accident, perhaps because there were no serious injuries. Although the police and emergency services were at the scene, there was no official note of it. Passing the airport and continuing on the A0201 road towards Dundgovi, we soon encountered a fatal accident. We had not yet left Töv when two heavy trucks collided, and the police were conducting investigations at the scene. A large number of bags were scattered at the roadside. A "Hino" truck with plates 67-84 UAR collided with another truck of the same model with plates 53-76 UBÖ, resulting in a driver losing his life at the site. Accidents on the road often result from trying to avoid obstacles, careless overtaking attempts on narrow roads, and drivers dozing off during long journeys due to fatigue. This fatal accident might have stemmed from one such reason. The Töv police are thoroughly investigating the cause. Continuing beyond the accident site, we reached Dundgovi shortly after daylight. In Delgertsogt, we encountered traces of another accident on the A0201 road. Two heavy "Howo" trucks had collided, resulting in oil spills and broken parts beside the road. Fortunately, no one was injured in this daylight incident. The Ulaanbaatar-Mandalgovi A0201 route leading to the mining-active South Gobi sees a ceaseless flow of machinery, supplies, chemicals, and fuel carried by heavy trucks, day and night. Alongside them, robust jeeps, sedans, and buses carrying miners travel the road. Some vehicles speed, while others move slowly, prioritizing caution. The mineral reserves in South Gobi are far from depleted, and they can be utilized for years to come. Certain mega projects relating to mining are planned for this area in the future. The coal-chemical, coke-chemical facility projects, the Gashuunsukhait-Gantsmod, Khangi-Mandal, Shiveekhuren-Seekhee border-crossing railways, and the Tavan Tolgoi thermal power plant project are among them, scheduled to be implemented by the joint government led by L.Oyun-Erdene. Additionally, attracting both domestic and international tourists to the region following the route of the famous Roy Chapman Andrews to see preserved dinosaur sites, including the "Tarbosaurus Bataar" and other dinosaur tracks, is inevitable. Hence, besides building a railway towards this area, expansive widening and upgrading of existing roads, adding at least four lanes with a separator, is essential. The government must address the compromised travel safety for tourists and workers traveling to these mega projects by vehicle. As our journey continued, we saw Korean and European tourists in "UAZs" visiting the Yoli Valley and the scenic Gobi Gurvansaikhan mountains. Through a translator, they expressed appreciation for Mongolia's natural beauty but dissatisfaction with the road conditions. Before leaving Töv, it started to snow on the mountains, and rain fell on the plains. It rained and snowed alternately until we reached Dalanzadgad, the central town of South Gobi. It continued to snow until we crossed the Gobi Gurvansaikhan range and descended into the wide basin. Beyond that point, the rain and snow disappeared, and the Gurvansaikhan range was left blending with the clouds in the distant background. From Dalanzadgad, heading southwest, we traveled a well-paved road that ended at the southern border of Sevrei's territory. The "BOMT Rehabilitation Project" program plans for paving roads from Dalanzadgad to Shiveekhuren. Up ahead was Noyon, where sturdy vehicles with closed cabins are necessary to withstand the jolts and dust of the Gobi. Closing the windows of our vehicle, the distant ridge line resembling shark teeth was visible. These mountains are part of the Khuureen Khanaan range, remote regions within the Altain mountain branch, surrounded by red cliffs. Passing through the Noyon center, heading southeast for about 30 km, we reached a three-way junction. Turning east leads to the provincial center, while heading north takes you to "Terra Energy"'s coal mine below Noyon Mountain. A company known in social networks for not doing land rehabilitation work, "Terra Energy," was operating its second pile and extraction. Heading west from this three-junction road, we directed our path towards Gurvantes. While the road was scraped and improved, the absence of moisture made it dusty, raising the risk of collision if livestock or a vehicle suddenly appeared. Eventually, when the sun started setting in the west, we arrived near the site where the Russian military base once stood at Ovoot. Nearby was an airstrip, and further beyond, several mine deposits and miners' camps. At the first junction stood the once scandalous "SouthGobi Sands" (SGS), run by an American director, with operational "Nar Mandakh," "Nar Jargal," and further the mines of "Mongolian Gold (MAK)" LLC Narainsukhait. To their west lay "Ösüükh Zoo" coal mine owned by MP Ch.Undram's father. These mines lay 35-40 km south of Gurvantes center and over 300 km from Dalanzadgad in South Gobi, and 45 km north of the Shiveekhuren border port. Arriving at SouthGobi Sands' mining camp, employing about 400 staff per shift out of 800-900 in total, they have been engaged in coal extraction since 2009, maintaining the standards set by previous Australian and American directors. Separate companies manage the security, catering, and transport. Security staff are highly vigilant about substances, denying entry to those drinking alcohol or carrying it in their luggage. It is confiscated to be picked up when leaving. Miners are housed separately, men's and women's quarters strictly monitored via security cameras to prevent males from overnight stays in females' quarters, with violations leading to a permanent ban from entering. Some employees voiced dissatisfaction with the quality and taste of food, particularly incidences of spoiled meat causing illnesses, leading the press correspondent to delve into the topic. Open Way Company, responsible for food and catering services, emphasized strict adherence to food quality and safety standards using reefer vans and rigorous checks on transported goods. They transport goods every two weeks, enduring challenges given Ulaanbaatar's approximately 1,000 km distance. Fruit, vegetables, flour, seasonings, water, and drinks are all thoroughly checked for safety and quality by skilled inspectors in the capital before vehicle transport. At the site, SouthGobi's and Open Way's health officers shadow each step, ensuring no breach in transportation, production, or distribution. Miners demand protein-rich food, whereas office staff prefer healthier choices, which at times leads to conflict. Not framing restaurant-grade food complaints were catered to through QR code services, discussed in weekly meetings alongside SouthGobi representatives. The company provides standardized nutrient-rich meals in trucks and containers still traveling up to 19.5 km with the farthest delivery to "Nar Jargal." The dining area grouped workers per company grounds marked with signages, cameras curbed food wastage as untouched trays were disposed. SouthGobi's team established a five-person group to address food-related issues, involving veterans R.Amgalan, D.Munkhtsogt among others, tasked with fully independent oversight. They reviewed the supply chain, from the capital to camp, verifying compliance through staff complaints. For instance, a complaint filed via QR code on the 25th was reviewed, verifying standards in both transportation and catering. They state it involves consuming meals not regularly eaten at home, given resources. Mines built roads and planted trees on their own initiative. Mining companies operating in Narainsukhait group of deposits like SouthGobi Sands, MAK, "Ösüükh Zoo," initiated self-funded road constructions connecting the center and linking to Shiveekhuren Port. They even expanded the runway previously used by Russian troops for air transportation. Before 2020, transport was via small aircraft carrying up to 70 people, curtailed by the pandemic and aircraft service limitations, leading to a 920-km bus commute every two weeks. Air transport proved preferable, showcasing commitment to infrastructure. The greening day coincided with our journey to Gurvantes. Exploration and utilization license holders planted trees as part of their corporate social responsibility. For instance, "SouthGobi Sands" screened wind near Gurvantes town, planting 20 km northwest of the center. Furthermore, spreading beyond Gurvantes to planting trees in Bayanhongor's Bayankhongor and Bayankhongor valleys under competent local guardianship. Their commitment to the "One Billion Trees" initiative and social responsibility includes planting 15 million trees in areas including Gurvantes, nearby provinces, and mining sites. Because tree care has been shown effective under arid Gobi conditions, reusing gray water for plantation watering and wetting roads exemplifies efficient use. Plans were in place for an extended stay at Shiveekhuren port, but unforeseen obligations led to a mid-roadnight retreat.

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Innovation

Creating Smart Traffic Light Control Using Artificial Intelligence

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: itoim.mn

The city administrative officials held an urgent meeting today. In the previous urgent meeting, the Mayor assigned 29 tasks, 76.6% of which have been implemented. At the beginning of the meeting, the director of the Traffic Management Center, Ch. Khuvsigna, introduced a wide range of initiatives aimed at reducing traffic congestion and load in Ulaanbaatar. This includes fully transferring the registration of public transport vehicles in Ulaanbaatar city, creating smart control of traffic lights, implementing a unified “Parking” program, rewarding citizens and legal entities who report violations via the E-Police application, and updating the traffic organization at some intersections. These initiatives aim to create a traffic flow suitable for Ulaanbaatar city's road network, effectively reducing road congestion. For example, by using artificial intelligence for smart traffic light control, real-time data processing from camera surveillance at intersections will enable better traffic light management. Furthermore, in line with the tasks given in the previous urgent meeting, current and future actions to address road congestion issues in Ulaanbaatar city were presented. In this regard, 34 measures are being proposed and compiled from relevant organizations and agencies, including 17 policy and legal measures in the long, medium, and short term, 12 technical and research measures, and 5 other measures to reduce road congestion and load.

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Investigation into Illegal Breach of Tax Online Reporting System Concluded

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: isee.mn

The investigation into the illegal breach of a company's tax online reporting system, where the information of individuals was added and then deleted, has been concluded. Specifically, the breach concerned the tax online reporting system between July 8, 2022, and December 20, 2022, during which time unauthorized entries were made of individuals such as citizens Ch and J, and the added information was subsequently deleted. The investigation led to legal action being taken against citizen "T" for "illegally invading the cyber environment and altering and deleting information." Criminal proceedings were initiated under Article 26.1, Section 2 of the Criminal Code, charging the individual as a defendant. The case was subsequently forwarded to the prosecutor's office with a proposal to submit it to court.

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Health

Daily Report: Pharmacies Ordered to Dispense All Medicines by Prescription

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: itoim.mn

The Mongolian Parliament passed a new version of the Law on Medicines and Medical Devices, which came into effect on October 1, 2024. This law aims to reduce the unregulated and inappropriate use of medicines, requiring that certain medicines registered in Mongolia be dispensed solely based on a doctor's prescription from a medical institution. As a result, many citizens have complained about their inability to obtain daily medications for colds, pain relief, and blood pressure without a prescription, as pharmacies insist on this requirement. Consequently, there has been an increase in the number of people visiting healthcare facilities for prescriptions, creating additional challenges for hospitals managing the heightened workload. Individuals suffering from colds, as well as elderly patients needing blood pressure and cardiovascular medications, are frequently visiting hospitals for prescriptions. Furthermore, people in rural areas who previously could simply request painkillers must now obtain prescriptions from doctors. According to the Department of Drug and Medical Device Regulatory Control, the drug regulation that has been in effect since 1998 remains unchanged. Of the 4,110 medicines registered in Mongolia, more than 2,800 require a prescription, and over 100 are designated for use in a medical setting. More than 1,100 medications can be dispensed from pharmacies without a prescription. However, in practice, pharmacies are enforcing the requirement that "all drugs be dispensed by prescription," leading to public confusion. For instance, some pharmacies even request prescriptions for medicines like ACC and TheraFlu, used preventatively for colds and flu, which are supposed to be available without a prescription. Despite this, pharmacies maintain they cannot dispense them without a prescription. With regard to pain relievers, such as ibuprofen (400mg, 600mg), those manufactured in Russia and India do not require a prescription, while those produced in China and Germany do. We will continue to clarify and present the positions of regulatory bodies and representatives from central medical organizations on this issue.

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Daily Report: Pharmacies Ordered to Dispense All Medicines by Prescription

Published: 2024-10-14 | Translated from: itoim.mn

The Parliament approved the revised Law on Medicines and Medical Devices last June, which began implementation on October 1, 2024. In connection with this implementation, it has been decided to require prescriptions from doctors or medical organizations for certain registered medicines in Mongolia to reduce unchecked and improper drug use. As a result, there are increasing complaints from citizens that they cannot obtain their daily cold medicines, pain relievers, and blood pressure medications without a prescription, and that pharmacies are insisting on prescriptions. Related to this issue, more people are visiting medical facilities to get prescriptions, leading to hospitals struggling with increased patient loads. Citizens need prescriptions from doctors to get medicine for colds for their children or heart and blood pressure medications for the elderly, prompting more visits to medical facilities. Furthermore, citizens living in rural areas who previously could obtain pain relievers simply by asking for them now face the requirement of obtaining a prescription from a doctor. The Drug and Medical Device Regulatory Authority stated, "The drug regulation that has been in effect since 1998 remains unchanged. Out of the 4110 drugs registered in Mongolia, over 2800 require a prescription, and more than 100 are for use under medical conditions. Over 1100 drugs are normally dispensed without a prescription at pharmacies." However, pharmacies are telling citizens they have been instructed "from above" to dispense all medicines by prescription, leading to confusion for both pharmacies and citizens. For example, you can listen to the audio recording of a conversation between a pharmacist and a citizen to understand the situation. Some pharmacies are requiring prescriptions for ACC and Theraflu, which frustrates citizens. ACC and similar cold prevention medications, like Tylol Hot and Theraflu, are listed as non-prescription drugs. However, pharmacies have received instructions to only dispense them with a prescription, causing further confusion among citizens. Furthermore, ibuprofen (in 400mg and 600mg doses) produced in Russia and India is available without a prescription, whereas that produced in China and Germany is prescription-based. We will continue to provide insights from government administration and main pharmaceutical organizations' representatives on this issue.

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Daily Report: Pharmacies Ordered to Dispense All Medicines by Prescription

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